Increment and Decrement Operator in C

• C++ Post Increment Operator
• Pre Increment Operator

Increment Operators are used to increased the value of the variable by one and Decrement Operators are used to decrease the value of the variable by one in C programs.

Within the C programming language the increment and decrement are often used in this simple generic way. The operator of increment is represented by two plus signs in a row. There is no need to postfix-increment i in the postfix operator. In fact, I'd do as FredOverflow suggests and call the prefix version. IMO that's indeed more idiomatic than re-implementing increment (even though the implementation is trivial here). And get rid of that implicit conversion operator. It is going to hurt you otherwise. Assignment Operator: The simple assignment operator (=) assigns the right side to left side. C provides shorthand operators that have the capability of performing an operation and an assignment at the same time. Read about 'multiple pre increment/post increment in expression of C language' on element14.com. I would like to know the explanation for the following expression evaluation in C under windows TURBO c. C Programming Questions and Answers – Increment and Decrement Operators. 1.What is the difference between the following 2 codes? #include //Program 1.

Both increment and decrement operator are used on a single operand or variable, so it is called as a unary operator. Unary operators are having higher priority than the other operators it means unary operators are executed before other operators.

Note: Increment and decrement operators are can not apply on constant.

Example

Type of Increment Operator

• pre-increment
• post-increment

pre-increment (++ variable)

In pre-increment first increment the value of variable and then used inside the expression (initialize into another variable).

Example pre-increment

In above program first increase the value of i and then used value of i into expression.

post-increment (variable ++)

In post-increment first value of variable is used in the expression (initialize into another variable) and then increment the value of variable.

Syntax

Output

In above program first used the value of i into expression then increase value of i by 1.

Type of Decrement Operator

• pre-decrement
• post-decrement

Pre-decrement (-- variable)

In pre-decrement first decrement the value of variable and then used inside the expression (initialize into another variable).

Example pre-decrement

In above program first decrease the value of i and then value of i used in expression.

post-decrement (variable --)

In Post-decrement first value of variable is used in the expression (initialize into another variable) and then decrement the value of variable.

Syntax

Output

In above program first used the value of x in expression then decrease value of i by 1.

Example of increment and decrement operator

Output

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Increment and decrement operators are unaryoperators that add or subtract one, to or from their operand, respectively. They are commonly implemented in imperativeprogramming languages. C-like languages feature two versions (pre- and post-) of each operator with slightly different semantics.

In languages syntactically derived from B (including C and its various derivatives), the increment operator is written as ++ and the decrement operator is written as --. Several other languages use inc(x) and dec(x) functions.

The increment operator increases, and the decrement operator decreases, the value of its operand by 1. The operand must have an arithmetic or pointerdata type, and must refer to a modifiable data object. Pointers values are increased (or decreased) by an amount that makes them point to the next (or previous) element adjacent in memory.

In languages that support both versions of the operators:

• The pre-increment and pre-decrement operators increment (or decrement) their operand by 1, and the value of the expression is the resulting incremented (or decremented) value.
• The post-increment and post-decrement operators increase (or decrease) the value of their operand by 1, but the value of the expression is the operand's value prior to the increment (or decrement) operation.

In languages where increment/decrement is not an expression (e.g., Go), only one version is needed (in the case of Go, post operators only).

Since the increment/decrement operator modifies its operand, use of such an operand more than once within the same expression can produce undefined results. For example, in expressions such as x - ++x, it is not clear in what sequence the subtraction and increment operations should be performed. Such expressions generally invoke undefined behavior, and should be avoided.

Examples[edit]

The following C code fragment illustrates the difference between the pre and post increment and decrement operators:

In languages lacking these operators, equivalent results require an extra line of code:

The post-increment operator is commonly used with array subscripts. For example:

The post-increment operator is also commonly used with pointers:

Note that these examples also work in other C-like languages, such as C++, Java, and C#.

• Increment operator can be demonstrated by an example:
  • Output:

Supporting languages[edit]

The following list, though not complete or all-inclusive, lists some of the major programming languages that support the ++/-- increment/decrement operators.

(Apple's Swift once supported these operators,^[10] but support was removed as of version 3.)

Pascal, Delphi, Modula-2, and Oberon provide the same functions, but they are called inc(x) and dec(x).

Notably Python and Rust does not support these operators.

C++ Post Increment Operator

History[edit]

The concept was introduced in the B programming language circa 1969 by Ken Thompson.^[11]

Thompson went a step further by inventing the ++ and -- operators, which increment or decrement; their prefix or postfix position determines whether the alteration occurs before or after noting the value of the operand. They were not in the earliest versions of B, but appeared along the way. People often guess that they were created to use the auto-increment and auto-decrement address modes provided by the DEC PDP-11 on which C and Unix first became popular. This is historically impossible, since there was no PDP-11 when B was developed. The PDP-7, however, did have a few 'auto-increment' memory cells, with the property that an indirect memory reference through them incremented the cell. This feature probably suggested such operators to Thompson; the generalization to make them both prefix and postfix was his own. Indeed, the auto-increment cells were not used directly in implementation of the operators, and a stronger motivation for the innovation was probably his observation that the translation of ++x was smaller than that of x=x+1.

See also[edit]

Pre Increment Operator

• Augmented assignment – for += and -= operators

References[edit]

1. ^'GNU Awk's User Guide'. Free Software Foundation.
2. ^'8.3. The Double-Parentheses Construct'. The Linux Documentation Project.
3. ^Ritchie, Brian W. Kernighan; Dennis M.; Ritchie, Dennis (1988). The C programming language (2. ed., [Nachdr.] ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. p. 18. ISBN0-13-110362-8.
4. ^'Increment/decrement operators'. cppreference.com.
5. ^'++ Operator (C# Reference)'. Microsoft Developer Network.
6. ^'Operator Overloading'. dlang.org.
7. ^'GP Operators and their Priorities'.
8. ^'About Assignment Operators'.
9. ^'Increment Wolfram Language Symbol'. Wolfram Language Documentation Center.
10. ^'Basic Operators'. developer.apple.com.
11. ^Ritchie, Dennis M. (March 1993). 'The Development of the C Language'. ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 28 (3): 5. doi:10.1145/155360.155580.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)